Effect of Implementing Electronic Toll Collection in Reducing Highway Particulate Matter Pollution
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Airborne Particulate Matter: Pollution Prevention and Control
Measures such as improved process design, operation, maintenance, housekeeping, and other management practices can reduce emissions. By improving combustion efficiency, the amount of products of incomplete combustion (PICs), a component of particulate matter, can be significantly reduced. Proper fuel-firing practices and combustion zone configuration, along with an adequate amount of excess air...
متن کاملStructure free highway toll collection using non-repudiated tickets
This paper proposes a concept of how to collect toll on highways. Unlike any existing method, the proposed approach requires no structure to be built on highways for the toll collection purpose and drivers are not required to stop or even slow down to pay toll. Toll must be prepaid in advance and a driver must keep a toll ticket as proof of payment. We apply public key cryptographic operations ...
متن کاملPolish Scientists Researches on Electronic Toll Collection
The paper deals with the assumptions and test results of NATCS Pilot Project developed by Motor Transport Institute, Autoguard SA, and Fela Management AG. Legislation steps were taken at the EC level because of interoperability problems of European Electronic Tolling Service (EETS) in the EU. Commission has urged member states to conduct studies and pilot projects concern these issues. Motor Tr...
متن کاملPolish Researches on Electronic Toll Collection
Motor Transport Institute has developed functional structure of the National Automatic Toll Collection System (NATCS). It consists of the following elements: two intelligent on-board units (OBUs), two control gates and laboratory model of National Automatic Toll Collection Centre (NATCC). OBU automatically calculates the amount of charge due, taking into account the vehicle category (admissible...
متن کاملConcentrations of ultrafine particles at a highway toll collection booth and exposure implications for toll collectors.
Research regarding the magnitude of ultrafine particle levels at highway toll stations is limited. This study measured ambient concentrations of ultrafine particles at a highway toll station from October 30 to November 1 and November 5 to November 6, 2008. A scanning mobility particle sizer was used to measure ultrafine particle concentrations at a ticket/cash tollbooth. Levels of hourly averag...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Environmental Science & Technology
سال: 2020
ISSN: 0013-936X,1520-5851
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00900